Bemediplomabscmsc 98 - Cnc Machines

A machine tool is a machine that is capable of producing another machine. Before the industrial revolution (1750–1830), products were largely made by hand. Each craftsman produced goods by employing hand tools, visual judgment, some simple patterns, or fixtures and a lot of skill. This method is sufficient if few products are produced. But when number of products to be produced increases, it becomes a problem of productivity. To scale-up production from a few rifles to a few thousand rifles requires specialization. The craftsman can no longer do the entire job. Specialists are needed to perform a small portion of the production over and over again. They need to produce the same part, the same way, the same size each time. For this, there is a need of machine tools. These early machine tools were used to shape metals more accurately than was possible by hand. They allowed manufacturers to consistently produce parts that were nearly identical in size, shape, and form. Machine tools stayed roughly the same for 100 years. Innovations have changed the machine tools afterwards. Steam power was replaced by electric motors, and the accuracy was improved. Machine tools have adapted various levels of mechanical automation. The development in metallurgy had tripled the productivity of an average machine tool with high speed tool steel. NC and CNC machine tools were later introduced to match the level of productivity gained by CNC machining since the industrial revolution. The history of numerical control and later computer numerical control parallels the history of electronics technology and computer science. The predecessor to CNC was called Numerical Control (NC). The invention of numerical control has been due to the pioneering works of John T. Parsons in the year 1940, when he…