Rare Earth and Critical Mineral Operations and Processing

Rare Earth and Critical Mineral Operations and Processing provides a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the technologies, policies, and global dynamics shaping one of the most strategically important sectors of the 21st century. From the geological foundations of rare earth elements (REEs) to the sophisticated chemical and metallurgical techniques used in their separation, refining, and recycling, this book offers an integrated view of the entire value chain. Designed for students, professionals, and policymakers, the text explains how rare earths and other critical minerals underpin clean energy, digital technologies, and advanced manufacturing. It covers mining, comminution, beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and emerging low-carbon refining pathways, alongside detailed discussions of environmental management, circular-economy principles, and ESG compliance. Each chapter combines theoretical foundations with case studies from leading projects in Australia, the United States, and Asia, highlighting real-world applications of automation, artificial intelligence, and digital process control. Beyond the technical dimensions, the book addresses the economic, geopolitical, and workforce transformations driving the sector—examining supply-chain resilience, international cooperation, and the growing demand for cross-disciplinary skills. It also outlines innovation priorities in green chemistry, advanced materials, and sustainable processing. Richly illustrated and supported by review questions and learning outcomes, this book is both a technical reference and a forward-looking guide to the critical-minerals revolution. It equips readers with the knowledge and analytical tools needed to navigate the complex intersection of resource engineering,…